Myopia - ua rau, qib thiab txoj hauv kev txhim kho qhov pom hauv myopia. Kev tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Myopia - ua rau, qib thiab txoj hauv kev txhim kho qhov pom hauv myopia. Kev tiv thaiv
Myopia - ua rau, qib thiab txoj hauv kev txhim kho qhov pom hauv myopia. Kev tiv thaiv
Anonim

myopia yog dab tsi?

myopia
myopia

Myopia yog ib hom kab mob qhov muag uas tus neeg pom cov khoom tsis zoo uas nyob deb, tab sis pom zoo cov khoom uas nyob ze. Qhov ze ze tseem hu ua myopia.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm World He alth Organization, ntau tus neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov teeb meem no - txog li 30% ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Ntxiv mus, lub ncov ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob ntog rau cov me nyuam uas nyob rau hauv cov laus laus.

Nyob hauv peb lub qhov muag, muaj lub qhov muag thiab lub qhov muag. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ob lub qhov muag muaj peev xwm kis tau rays, refracting lawv. Thiab ib daim duab tshwm rau ntawm retina. Tom qab ntawd daim duab no dhau los ua paj hlwb thiab xa mus rau cov paj hlwb rau lub hlwb.

Yog tias lub cornea thiab lens refract cov rays kom pom tseeb ntawm retina, ces daim duab yuav pom tseeb. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsis muaj kab mob qhov muag yuav pom zoo.

Nrog myopia, daim duab yog qhov muag plooj thiab fuzzy. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:

- yog lub qhov muag elongated heev, ces lub retina txav deb ntawm qhov chaw ua kom pom tseeb. Nrog myopia hauv tib neeg, lub qhov muag ncav cuag peb caug millimeters. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg noj qab nyob zoo, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag yog nees nkaum-peb- nees nkaum-plaub millimeters; - yog tias lub lens thiab pob txha refract lub rays ntawm lub teeb ntau dhau.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua tus neeg thib peb hauv ntiaj teb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm myopia, uas yog, myopia. Nws nyuaj rau cov neeg zoo li no pom cov khoom uas nyob deb ntawm lawv. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, yog tias ib phau ntawv lossis phau ntawv nyob ze ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg mob myopia, ces nws yuav pom cov khoom no zoo.

Puas yog myopia rho tawm lossis ntxiv?

Ntau zaus, tau hnov qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm myopia thawj zaug, cov neeg mob muaj cov lus nug ntuj: "Yuav ua li cas tsom iav rau kev kho qhov muag - rho tawm lossis ntxiv." Txhawm rau kom pom cov khoom zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hnav tsom iav uas cim qhov rho tawm. Yog li, nws yuav tuaj yeem kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm retina thiab qhov tsom xam.

Lenses uas siv rau hauv tsom iav los kho myopia yog hu ua diverging, los yog tsis zoo. Lawv yog concave nyob rau hauv cov duab. Tsuas yog tus kws kho qhov muag tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm minuses, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev - lub zog hauv diopters. Nws nyob ntawm, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub zeem muag thiab lub degree ntawm myopia - qis, nruab nrab los yog hnyav.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob myopia

Cov tsos mob ntawm myopia yog qhov muag qaug zog thaum tsav tsheb lossis thaum ua si. Yog tias cov no yog cov tsos mob uas ua rau koj thab koj thaum koj hnav tsom iav los yog qhov muag lo ntsiab muag, ces koj yuav tsum tau mus xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob thiab tej zaum yuav hloov cov iav los yog lo ntsiab muag.

Myopia loj hlob thaum yau. Cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev kawm ntawv pib pom cov khoom nyob deb tsis zoo thiab squint.

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov pom kev, cov neeg pom kev ze yuav tsum hnav lo ntsiab muag lossis tsom iav nrog tus nqi rho tawm. Feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov lo ntsiab muag raws li qhov pom kev tsis zoo. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsom iav yuav tsis hloov qhov kev loj hlob ntawm myopia, lawv tsuas yog hloov lub teeb ntawm lub teeb.

Ua rau myopia

myopia
myopia

Muaj ntau ntau yam vim li cas ib tug neeg pib pom tej yam uas nyob deb zuj zus:

  • caj ces predisposition rau kev loj hlob ntawm myopia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog seb ib tug los yog ob leeg niam txiv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm myopia. Yog tias leej txiv thiab leej niam muaj kev pheej hmoo rau pathology, tom qab ntawd hauv 50% ntawm cov neeg mob, nws tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam ua ntej nws muaj hnub nyoog. Yog tias cov niam txiv noj qab nyob zoo, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob no txo qis thiab nce mus txog 8%.
  • Tsis muaj cov as-ham, vitamins, minerals hauv lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov vitamins ntawm pab pawg B thiab vitamin C, nrog rau microelements xws li magnesium, zinc, tooj liab, manganese, cuam tshuam rau kev pom. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub sclera ntawm lub qhov muag.
  • Txhua qhov muag qhov muag tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab tsis tu ncua. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov laj thawj xws li: xaiv tsis raug lossis teeb pom kev zoo, tsis muaj kev so haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, tsis ua raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov phau ntawv, phau ntawv sau, xov tooj, TVs, thiab lwm yam.
  • Tsis muaj kev kho thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm myopia tshwm sim. Yog tias koj tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, ces myopia yuav nce thiab ua rau qhov tsis pom kev tsis zoo.
  • Kho cov tsom iav tsis raug lossis cov iav tiv thaiv kom kho qhov muag pom thaum pib ntawm myopia.
  • Ib yam tshwm sim xws li qaug zog ntawm lub qhov muag cov leeg ua lub luag haujlwm hloov qhov curvature ntawm lub lens.
  • Qee qhov muag kab mob, xws li strabismus, astigmatism thiab lwm yam.
  • nce intracranial thiab intraocular siab.
  • Lwm yam ua rau, uas suav nrog ntau yam kab mob sib kis, cuam tshuam hauv cov tshuaj hormonal, kev yug me nyuam thiab kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb. Tag nrho cov mob uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom noj khoom haus rau lub qhov muag.

Degrees ntawm myopia

myopia
myopia

Muaj ntau ntau qib ntawm myopia, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub retina:

  • 1 degree. Qhov kev ncua deb tsis tshaj 3 diopters yog hais txog thawj, lossis qib me me ntawm myopia. Raws li rau lub qhov muag, nws qhov ntev nce los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1.5 mm los ntawm qhov lees paub. Ib tug neeg tsis muaj teeb meem thaum saib cov khoom nyob ze, txawm li cas los xij, thaum peering rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb, cov khoom yog qhov muag me ntsis.
  • 2 degree. Qhov thib ob degree ntawm myopia yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov ua kom pom tseeb thiab retina, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 3 mus rau 6 diopters. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov muag nce los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3 hli. Nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm myopia, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub qhov muag yog ncab thiab muaj cov tuab me dua. Feem ntau tus mob no provokes qhov pib ntawm dystrophic txheej txheem ntawm retina. Nyob ze, tus neeg tuaj yeem pom cov khoom kom meej, tab sis nyob deb tsis tshaj 30 cm. Thaum tshem tawm, lawv cov contours ua fuzzy, thiab daim duab nws tus kheej yog qhov muag plooj.
  • 3 degree. Nrog rau qib peb ntawm myopia, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub retina tshaj 6 diopters. Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm myopia. Hauv qhov no, qhov muag tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb, retina thiab cov hlab ntsha ua thinner, rau qhov uas cov sclera pom. Lub zeem muag raug txo kom ib tug neeg tsuas pom cov ntiv tes nyob ntawm caj npab ntev.

Qhov siab dua ntawm myopia, qhov muag ntau dua thiab nws cov hlab ntsha tau ncab ntau dua. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thiab qhov muag tsis pom.

Npauj npaim myopia

Myopia, raws li txoj cai, tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev ua ub no thiab nws lub peev xwm, vim tias qhov tsis pom kev pom tau yooj yim kho nrog lo ntsiab muag thiab tsom iav. Tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim tias myopia tau hais tawm heev thiab xav tau kev cuam tshuam loj.

Yog tias koj yuav tsum hloov cov tsom iav tas li kom muaj zog dua, qhov no txhais tau tias myopia tau nce ntxiv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub qhov muag yuav loj tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov no ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv qhov muag acuity. Txij li thaum tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub retina, nws detachment kuj ua tau. Kev nce hauv lub qhov muag tuaj yeem tshwm sim tas li thoob plaws hauv lub neej, nrog rau qhov no, kev pom kev kuj yuav tsis zoo.

Nrog rau daim ntawv nyuaj ntawm myopia, qhov tshwm sim loj tuaj yeem ua tau, suav nrog kev tsis pom kev ua tiav.

"False" myopia

Nyob hauv ophthalmology, muaj xws li pseudomyopia lossis "false" myopia. Cov mob no, tsis zoo li qhov tseeb myopia, yog kho tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav kev kho mob thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim.

Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv raug mob pseudomyopia. Nws tshwm sim vim lub fact tias lub load ntawm lub zeem muag, uas yog lub accommodative nqaij, nce ho. Yog hais tias nws spasm tshwm sim, tus neeg poob lub peev xwm los saib kom meej cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj kev hnov mob hauv qhov muag, lub taub hau, thaj tsam ntawm lub cev. Qhov muag tau nkees sai.

Cov kab mob sib kis, mob rheumatism, tuberculosis, vegetovascular dystonia, hysteria thiab lwm yam ua rau tuaj yeem ua ntej kev loj hlob ntawm myopia cuav.

Yog tias pom qhov tsis tseeb myopia thaum thawj xyoo, koj tuaj yeem tshem nws sai sai. Yog tias tus neeg ncua sijhawm hu rau tus kws kho mob, tus kab mob tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov tseeb myopia.

Kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov ua rau tus mob no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom normalize cov kev noj haus thiab noj txhua hnub. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom txo qis qhov load ntawm lub zeem muag thiab ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Yog tias muaj ib tus kws kho mob pom zoo, ces koj yuav tsum siv tsom iav lossis lo ntsiab muag rau kev kho qhov muag, noj cov tshuaj los txhim kho qhov muag, thiab ua cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb.

Txoj hauv kev txhim kho qhov pom hauv myopia

myopia
myopia

txhawm rau txhim kho kev pom, yog tias "myopia" tau kuaj pom, nws yuav tsum ua raws li txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia. Kev kho mob myopia yog ib txoj kev nyuaj uas tsuas yog tswj tau nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho qhov muag.

Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev txhim kho lub zeem muag muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab cov neeg mob muaj ntau yam xaiv los ntawm:

  • Kho cov myopia nrog lub laser.
  • kho qhov muag kho qhov muag ntawm myopia.
  • Txoj kev ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Siv nyob rau theem siab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem hloov lub lens nrog lub lens intraocular, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub lens tiag tiag.
  • Tshuaj kho tus kab mob.
  • Kev kho zaub mov kom txhim kho cov ntshav txaus rau lub qhov muag thiab muab cov khoom noj rau nws.

YLaser kho qhov muag kho rau myopia

Laser kho yog ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub, nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo los tshem tawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov kev kho mob no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob hnav tsom iav thiab tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog tias tus neeg hloov cov duab ntawm lub cornea, ua rau nws flatter, vim nws lub zog kho qhov muag txo qis. Ntawd yog, nrog kev pab ntawm lub laser, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov nyhuv ntawm kev hnav tsom iav, zoo li nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag. Yog li ntawd, lub teeb rays tom qab refraction nyob rau hauv lub lens ntawm lub qhov muag yog teem rau nws retina.

Muaj cov kev kho laser-pab xws li LASIK (pob qhov muag kho kom zoo), Super LASIK (pob qhov muag kho), thiab PRK (siv rau cov pob txha nyias thiab qis myopia). Txhua txoj kev nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab siv nyob ntawm seb muaj peev xwm nyiaj txiag ntawm ib tug neeg thiab nws lub qhov muag.

Point rau myopia

iav feem ntau yog siv los kho qhov pom ntawm tus neeg mob myopia. Vim lub installation ntawm divergent lo ntsiab muag nyob rau hauv lawv, lawv tsis muaj zog lub optical system ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab cov duab yog tsiv mus rau lub retina. Lub tog raj kheej iav qee zaum xav tau yog tias myopia nyuaj los ntawm astigmatism.

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov iav nrog ob lub lo ntsiab muag. Lawv muab faib ua ob ntu thiab tso cai rau koj pom cov khoom sib npaug zoo, ob qho tib si ntawm qhov deb thiab ze.

Ntawm lub ncauj lus: 5 txoj hauv kev los daws qhov muag nkees

Tiv thaiv myopia

Txhua yam kab mob, suav nrog myopia, yooj yim tiv thaiv dua li kho. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv myopia thaum ntxov.

Yuav ua li cas, ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no:

  • Cia qhov deb tsawg kawg 30 cm ntawm lub qhov muag thiab saib, phau ntawv, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
  • Qhov muag yuav tsum tau so. Lub zeem muag ntev dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua uas myopia yuav loj tuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau so tom qab 40 feeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom.
  • Tsis txhob nyeem thaum pw ntawm koj lub nraub qaum lossis sab, lossis hauv qhov khoom txav (hauv tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau, subway, thiab lwm yam). Cov cuab yeej pabcuam yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab txhua ob txhawm rau txhawm rau ntes cov duab, uas yuav ua rau nws tsis muaj zog dhau. Yog tias koj nyeem pw tsaug zog, ib lub qhov muag yuav nyob deb ntawm qhov khoom ntau dua li lwm qhov, uas ua rau qhov muag tsis pom.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua kom koj rov qab ncaj. Kev coj tus cwj pwm kom raug yuav tso cai rau koj saib lub zeem muag ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse.
  • Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov teeb pom kev txaus. Qhov no yuav cawm koj ob lub qhov muag ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Hnub ci yog qhov zoo rau tib neeg qhov muag. Tab sis vim nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom ua tiav cov teeb pom kev zoo thaum ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum siv lub teeb ci. Nco ntsoov nruab lub rooj teeb thaum ua haujlwm yav tsaus ntuj.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv koj lub qhov muag los ntawm kev puas tsuaj UV rays.
  • khoom noj kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug rau kev tiv thaiv myopia. Kev noj cov zaub mov thiab cov vitamins txhua hnub yuav ua rau lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntau dhau.

YVitamins rau qhov muag nrog myopia

myopia
myopia

Txhawm rau zam kev txhim kho myopia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau noj cov vitamins uas pab tswj kev pom. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, yuav tsum siv cov complexes tshwj xeeb, uas tus kws kho mob pom zoo.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov muag cov vitamins rau myopia:

  • Thiamin lossis vitamin B1. Nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb tag nrho, thiab nws qhov tsis muaj yuav ua rau lub qhov muag yuav nrawm nrawm, qhov pom ntawm lub ntsej muag yuav tsis zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim myopia.
  • Riboflavin lossis vitamin B2. Nws tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau elasticity ntawm cov hlab ntsha, provokes lawv ruptures, nrog rau cov nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag. Ua kom qaug zog thiab nro ntawm cov leeg nqaij yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tsis txaus ntawm riboflavin hauv lub cev.
  • Niacin lossis vitamin B3. Nrog nws qhov tsis muaj, cov ntshav muab rau cov paj hlwb zuj zus.
  • Priridoxin lossis vitamin B6. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau mob ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab provokes conjunctivitis.
  • Cyancobolamine lossis vitamin B12. Yog tsis muaj nws, qhov muag dej thiab nkees sai.

Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob myopia, kev noj cov vitamins yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov koom nrog pawg B yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Ntawm lub ncauj lus: Vitamins rau lub qhov muag - qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj?

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv

Muaj ib qho nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv myopia. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem xws li kev txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qhov muag, kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau menyuam yaus, ntxiv dag zog rau lub sclera, ua kom cov haujlwm ntawm lub ntsws thiab cov hlab plawv.

Vim cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm myopia muaj tus cwj pwm tsim los ntawm kev zaum tsis raug, tso cov ntawv ze ntawm lub qhov muag, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev kho kom raug.

Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub suab ntawm lub qhov muag cov leeg, feem ntau siv "kos" ce. Rau qhov kev tawm dag zog no, ib qho cim ua rau ntawm lub khob ntawm qhov muag, peb mus rau tsib millimeters loj. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum sawv ntsug deb ntawm lub khob, kwv yees li peb caug centimeters los ntawm nws, ces tig lawv lub ntsej muag rau qee yam khoom nyob sab nraum lub qhov rais, tab sis yog li ntawd cov khoom no nyob rau ntawm txoj kab ntawm kos. Tom qab koj tau kho koj ob lub qhov muag ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, koj yuav tsum tau saib cov cim ntawm lub khob thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab. Yog li rov hais dua ob peb zaug.

Ua cov kev tawm dag zog no ib nrab teev ob zaug hauv ib hnub. Yog tias lub zeem muag tsis txhim kho thiab muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm thiab rov ua dua li kaum tsib hnub nrog so.

Hauv thawj ob hnub, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev tawm dag zog li peb feeb. Tom qab ntawd ob hnub - tsib feeb, thiab cov hnub so - xya feeb kom txog rau thaum tag nrho cov chav kawm.

Pom zoo: