DTP thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio - tshuaj tiv thaiv, kub, qhov tshwm sim

Cov txheej txheem:

DTP thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio - tshuaj tiv thaiv, kub, qhov tshwm sim
DTP thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio - tshuaj tiv thaiv, kub, qhov tshwm sim
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DPT thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev xav tsis sib haum, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom zam tau ntau yam kab mob loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus menyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov tiv thaiv ntau tus kab mob loj.

Tam sim no, thaum muaj ntau tus kab mob thiab cov kab mob tau hloov pauv kom cov duab tsis pom kev kho mob tsis tso cai rau kev kuaj mob kom raug raws sijhawm, lub sijhawm zoo rau kev kho mob tuaj yeem ploj mus. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev hem thawj loj tau tsim tsis yog rau kev noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub neej ntawm tus menyuam. Yog li ntawd, cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov xav tau ntawm nws txoj kev npaj ua ntej tau dhau los ua mob hnyav heev.

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio: tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm menyuam yaus

DPT
DPT

Ib yam kab mob hnyav uas nyuaj thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau heev yog poliomyelitis. Thaum noj, nws tus kab mob kis mus rau tus txha caj qaum. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb koom nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory, kev loj hlob ntawm tus tuag tes tuag taw tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob los yog nws qhov tshwm sim. Nws tshwm sim qee zaum tsis mus txog qhov kawg, ua rau tus neeg tsis taus mus tas li ntawm nws lub neej. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai: yog tias lub ntsws ua pa cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob, qhov no ua rau muaj kev tuag tsis muaj tseeb.

Yuav kom kis tus kab mob, nws txaus los tiv tauj tus neeg nqa tus kab mob. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev kov lossis cov tee dej. Tus kab mob no kis tau heev. Cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raug rau nws, feem ntau yog hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo. Yog li ntawd, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob txaus ntshai hauv qhov no, tau kawg, yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau hais tias yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws niaj hnub tau tso tseg, tab sis tag nrho qhov no yog kev ntxub ntxaug. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob poliomyelitis tau tsim thiab pib nquag siv hauv ntiaj teb kev kho mob menyuam yaus txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo: nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev kis tus kab mob yuav luag nres..

Ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj teeb meem tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov kev xav no yog cov teb chaws Esxias uas muaj tus qauv qis ntawm kev ua neej nyob thiab cov tshuaj zoo. Nws yog cov neeg los ntawm cov xeev no uas ua rau feem pua ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau niaj hnub Russia. Yog li tus kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov menyuam yaus Lavxias. Thiab lawv niam lawv txiv nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau sib cav tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub xyoo dhau los, thiab yog li ntawd cov menyuam yaus tsis tsuas yog tsis xav tau, tab sis yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv tag nrho vim muaj cov teeb meem loj heev. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev phom sij loj heev uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias tsawg tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws.

Ntawm thiab theem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj

Nta thiab theem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj
Nta thiab theem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj

Lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tau raug pom zoo raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Raws li nws cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus no txhais tau tias yog 3, 4.5 thiab 6 lub hlis. Tom qab ntawd, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1.5 xyoo (18 lub hlis), thawj zaug tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ntawm 20 lub hlis - qhov thib ob revaccination ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, kev txhaj tshuaj thib peb tau ua tiav.

hom tshuaj tiv thaiv:

  • DTP. Ua los ntawm Russia, Biomed.
  • Infanrix. Belgium.
  • Pentax. France.
  • Tetracoccus. Fabkis. Tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, kab mob diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Classic DTP
  • Bubo-M. Russia. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria, tetanus thiab kab mob siab B.
  • Imovax. Fabkis. Tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus.
  • ADS-anatoxin. Russia. Tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab stagnation yog tias tus kab mob pertussis tsis tuaj yeem muab rau tus menyuam.
  • Imovax Polio. Fabkis. Inactivated polio tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio qhov ncauj 1, 2, 3 hom. Tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob! Muaj cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog. Nco ntsoov! Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, tus menyuam uas tau txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob kis tus kabmob uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, kis tau hauv 2 lub lis piam, txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem nyob.

Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj siv, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab qhov ncauj. Lawv txawv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tswj:

  • Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj sia nyob, raws li nws lub npe, raug tua cov kab mob. Cov tshuaj no yog siv intramuscularly lossis subcutaneously. Nrog rau nws txoj kev siv, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis tau lees paub, txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws yuav muaj zog tsawg dua nrog kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob.
  • Qhov kawg, dhau los, muaj cov kab mob polio tsis muaj zog. Lawv raug muab raws li kev daws qhov ncauj. Tom qab cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv, lub zos tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim, uas yog ib tug txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv kab mob.

Rau cov menyuam mos txog ib xyoos, cov tee yog txhaj rau hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov lymphoid follicles nyob. Rau cov menyuam yaus, tee yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm palatine tonsil, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj raug tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj lossis tsawg tsawg ntawm cov receptors nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xaiv, feem, muaj tsawg lub caij nyoog uas tus me nyuam yuav sai sai saj cov tsis kaj siab saj thiab nti tawm cov tshuaj, los yog, conversely, nqos nws ntxov dhau.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los siv ib lub hnab yas tshwj xeeb lossis siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj yam tsis muaj koob. Nyob ntawm seb qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev daws, 2 lossis 4 tee tau qhia. Nrog rau ib qho regurgitation, cov tshuaj tau muab dua, yog tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws, kev txhaj tshuaj tau rov ua dua tom qab ib hlis thiab ib nrab.

Lub tshuab ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab kawm tau zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog tsim uas ua rau cov kab mob tsis muaj zog. Yog tias muaj tus kab mob "tsiaj qus" nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los yuav tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob, rhuav tshem cov kab mob txawm tias ua ntej lawv pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog ntau cov kev txwv uas twb muaj lawm: tshwj xeeb, hauv ib teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj, koj tsis tuaj yeem noj lossis haus. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm tib lub sij hawm tus me nyuam ntuav, yuav tsum tau rov ua hauj lwm. Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no, ntxiv rau, muaj lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo - nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib tus neeg uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov teeb meem raug tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis ncaj qha tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Raws li qhov tseeb tias lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio pib nrog rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb - DPT, uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm hnoos hawb pob, diphtheria thiab tetanus, ob qho tib si cov lus qhia ua ke. Nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv twg yog siv rau DTP, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav txhaj tshuaj ntxiv lossis ntxiv qhov ncauj ntawm cov tshuaj. Tam sim no, ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim thiab siv uas tso cai rau koj los ua ke ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj - cov no yog Pentaxim thiab Tetrakok. Thawj cov tshuaj yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob tsis tau tsuas yog nrog tetanus, diphtheria thiab hnoos hawb pob, tab sis kuj nrog poliomyelitis, nrog rau cov kab mob hemophilic. Qhov thib ob muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP thiab tiv thaiv polio. Thaum siv lwm yam tshuaj tib lub sijhawm thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP, txhaj tshuaj thib ob lossis txhaj tshuaj polio.

Ntawm cov contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj, cov hauv qab no sawv tawm:

  • tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob paj hlwb los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los;
  • kuaj pom thawj lub xeev tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • muaj cov kab mob tsis zoo neoplasms;
  • kev mob kis mob ntev;
  • cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob (kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tseem txwv rau rau lub hlis tom qab ua tiav);
  • mob ua pa lossis lwm yam kab mob thaum lub sijhawm thov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau ceeb toom txog txhua qhov ua tau contraindication. Kev txiav txim siab kom paub meej lossis tshem tawm qhov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua rau tus kheej hauv txhua kis. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj contraindications los ntawm cov kws kho mob nqaim, feem ntau yog tus kws kho mob hlwb. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov ua rau mob hnyav, yuav tsum yog qhov laj thawj rau kev nyuaj siab kho mob.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio

Kev tshwm sim
Kev tshwm sim

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam thiab cov tshuaj siv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug inactivated, tsis muaj sia nyob, feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov niam txiv txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "nyob".

Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm nws txoj kev siv yuav suav nrog:

  • mob plab me me uas kav ntev li ib mus rau ob hnub thiab daws lawv tus kheej;
  • kev tsis haum me me.

Ntawm cov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj, qhov tshwm sim tsawg kawg, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, muaj, yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob uas tus me nyuam tau txhaj tshuaj thaum xub thawj. Cov kws kho mob hu ua qhov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim no. Yog tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov kab mob tsis muaj zog ua ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio (los yog VAP luv luv).

Lub ntsiab txhais tau tias tshem tawm qhov ua tau kiag li yog kev kuaj ua ntej ntawm tus menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yuav nthuav tawm contraindications, yog tias muaj. Thaum muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nws tsim nyog tso tseg ib ntus kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv dav dav. Tib yam raug pom zoo yog tias muaj teeb meem ntawm txoj hnyuv. Nrog rau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb microflora ntawm txoj hnyuv tsis muaj zog, ib qho ntawm cov kab mob qhia tau tuaj yeem muab cov duab rov qab rau qhov kev xav tau.

Ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho mob xwm txheej ceev, kuj sawv cev: chim siab thiab ntxhov siab, kub taub hau txog 38 - 38.5 ° C, mob thiab o ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, xeev siab, ntuav ib leeg.

Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim thiab kho mob sai yog tias muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:

  • tshwm sim ntawm kev qaug zog thiab qaug zog txawv txawv;
  • ua pa nyuaj, ua tsis taus pa;
  • tshwm sim ntawm convulsions;
  • tshwm sim ntawm urticaria, khaus hnyav;
  • mob hnyav, suav nrog lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag;
  • kub nce siab tshaj 39 ° C.

Yog tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim loj tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis taug kev, lossis txawm da dej tus menyuam yog txwv tsis pub.

Kub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio

Kub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio yuav tsis nce ntxiv lossis sib txawv hauv qhov txwv sib txawv. Raws li kws kho mob, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 38-38.5 ° C, yog tias nws tsis nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog ntxiv.

Hyperthermia tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob peb teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj, thiab ob mus rau peb hnub tom qab cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Lub cev kub no tuaj yeem nyob ntev li ob mus rau peb hnub. Qee zaum, nws kav ntev txog ob lub lis piam. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tsis tau nrog rau lwm hom kev tshwm sim thiab tsis thab tus me nyuam, nws tsis tsim nyog txo nws ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob yog ua tau.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio

Cov teebmeem
Cov teebmeem

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio, txawm tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem, tsis txaus ntshai li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob nws tus kheej rau tus menyuam uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov niam txiv yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias cov kev txaus ntshai muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug sphere ntawm tib neeg lub neej rau ib tug tej yam, thiab nws yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua kom tiv thaiv lawv. Tab sis qhov txaus ntshai uas tus menyuam raug nthuav tawm, tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, yog ib puas npaug ntau dua li txhua qhov kev ntshai ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj lossis cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm VAP. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias raws li kev txheeb cais, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob poliomyelitis tshwm sim hauv ib kis ntawm peb lab txhaj tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xam me me npaum li cas qhov no yuav tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg xiam oob khab lossis txawm tias tuag yog tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog siab heev.

Nws tseem tsim nyog paub tias qee lub sijhawm, cov menyuam yaus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tus kabmob. Hauv qhov no, kev sib cuag nrog lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tsis tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inactivated, xws li kev sib cuam tshuam tej zaum yuav hem txoj kev loj hlob ntawm VAP. Cov menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus xav tau kev cais tawm ib ntus thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj thoob ntiaj teb

Yog li, txhua yam teeb meem tshwm sim, raws li lawv qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab qhov tseeb tias lawv txhua tus tau piav qhia los ntawm lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv, lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li qhov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai ntawm tus mob polio uas tshwm sim. yog tus kab mob no kis mus rau lub cev tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam yav tas los.

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